Burma (Myanmar) has been in a state of civil war since the military overthrew the elected government of Aung San Suu Kyi in a February 2021 coup. The takeover triggered a nationwide armed uprising, bringing together a patchwork of forces opposed to the junta. Newly formed People’s Defense Forces (PDF), organized under the parallel National Unity Government, have fought alongside long-established ethnic armed organizations (EAO) such as the Arakan Army, the Kachin Independence Organisation, the Karen National Union, and others that have battled the central government since 1948 over autonomy.
While these groups do not operate under a single command and their interests do not always align, they have, for the most part, remained united against the junta since the coup, together posing the most serious challenge to military rule in Burma’s history.
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